A.
A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by
(1) and/or (2): 1. Inattention:Six
(or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6
months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and
that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities: Note: The symptoms are not solely a manifestation of oppositional behavior, defiance, hostility, or failure to understand tasks or instructions. For older adolescents and adults (age 17 and older), at least five symptoms are required. a.
Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless
mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities (e.g.,
overlooks or misses details, work is inaccurate). b.
Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
(e.g., has difficulty remaining focused during lectures, conversations,
or lengthy reading). c.
Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly (e.g., mind
seems elsewhere, even in the absence of any obvious distraction). d.
Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish
schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., starts tasks but
quickly loses focus and is easily sidetracked). e.
Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities (e.g., difficulty
managing sequential tasks; difficulty keeping materials and belongings
in order; messy, disorganized work; has poor time management; fails to
meet deadlines). f.
Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that
require sustained mental effort (e.g., schoolwork or homework; for
older adolescents and adults, preparing reports, completing forms,
reviewing lengthy papers). g.
Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., school
materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses,
mobile telephones). h. Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli (for older adolescents and adults, may include unrelated thoughts). i.
Is often forgetful in daily activities (e.g., doing chores, running
errands; for older adolescents and adults, returning calls, paying
bills, keeping appointments). 2. Hyperactivity and impulsivity:Six
(or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6
months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and
that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational
activities: Note: The symptoms are not solely a manifestation of oppositional behavior, defiance, hostility, or a failure to understand tasks or instructions. For older adolescents and adults (age 17 and older), at least five symptoms are required. a. Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat. b.
Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
(e.g., leaves his or her place in the classroom, in the office or other
workplace, or in other situations that require remaining in place). c.
Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate.
(Note: In adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless.) d. Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly. e.
Is often “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a motor” (e.g., is
unable to be or uncomfortable being still for extended time, as in
restaurants, meetings; may be experienced by others as being restless
or difficult to keep up with). f. Often talks excessively. g.
Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed (e.g.,
completes people’s sentences; cannot wait for turn in conversation). h. Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn (e.g., while waiting in line). i.
Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into
conversations, games, or activities; may start using other people’s
things without asking or receiving permission; for adolescents and
adults, may intrude into or take over what others are doing). B. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12 years. C.
Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in
two or more settings (e.g., at home, school, or work; with friends or
relatives; in other activities). D.
There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce
the quality of, social, academic, or occupational functioning. E.
The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of
schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better
explained by another mental disorder (e.g., mood disorder, anxiety
disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder, substance
intoxication or withdrawal). Specify whether: 314.01
(F90.2) Combined presentation: If both Criterion A1 (inattention) and
Criterion A2 (hyperactivity-impulsivity) are met for the past 6 months. 314.00
(F90.0) Predominantly inattentive presentation: If Criterion A1
(inattention) is met but Criterion A2 (hyperactivity-impulsivity) is
not met for the past 6 months. 314.01 (F90.1) Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation: If Criterion A2 (hyperactivityimpulsivity) is met but Criterion A1 (inattention) is not met over the past 6 months. Specify if: In partial remission: When full criteria were previously met, fewer than the full criteria have been met for the past 6 months, and the symptoms still result in impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. Specify current severity: Mild:
Few, if any, symptoms in excess of those required to make the
diagnosis are present, and symptoms result in only minor functional
impairments. Moderate: Symptoms or functional impairment between “mild” and “severe” are present. Severe:
Many symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis, or
several symptoms that are particularly severe, are present, or the
symptoms result in marked impairment in social or occupational
functioning. | A.注意不集中和/或多动-冲动的方式持续并影响功能或发育，见下面的（1）和／或（2）: 1. 注意力不集中：下面6个（或以上）的症状持续至少6个月，和应有的发育水平不符并对社会和学业／职业活动造成了负面的影响： （注意：这些症状不是单纯因为对立行为、违抗、敌意、或未能理解任务或指示而引起。对于较年长的青少年或成人（17岁或以上），至少需要5个症状。） 2. a、经常在学习、工作或其他活动中难以在细节上集中注意或犯粗心大意的错误（比如忽视或错过细节，不精确） b、经常在学习、工作或娱乐活动中难以保持注意力集中（比如在听讲、对话，或长时间阅读中难以保持集中注意）。 c、经常在与他人谈话时显得心不在焉（比如即使在没有明显干扰的情况下思想似乎仍在别处）。 d、经常不能按要求完成作业、家务及工作任务（比如开始工作却很快就不能集中了，容易转移注意）。 e、经常难以有条理地安排作业和工作（比如难以管理序列性的任务，难以把东西安排得井然有序，工作混乱没有规划，时间管理能力差，不能在最后期限前完成任务）。 f、经常不愿意或回避进行需要持续动脑筋的任务（比如作业；对年长的青少年和成人，比如写报告，做表格，看长篇文章）。 g、经常丢失学习和活动的必需品（比如学校的资料、铅笔、书、工具、钱包、钥匙、文件、眼镜、手机）。 h、经常因外界刺激而容易分心（对于年长的青少年和成人，可能也包括无关的想法）。 i、经常在日常生活中健忘（比如做家务、做事情；对于年长的青少年和成人，比如回电话、付账单、赴约）。 2.多动与冲动：下面6个（或以上）的症状持续至少6个月，和应有的发育水平不符并对社会和学业／职业活动造成了负面的影响： （注意：这些症状不是单纯因为对立行为、违抗、敌意、或未能理解任务或指示而引起。对于较年长的青少年或成人（17岁或以上），至少需要5个症状。） a、经常坐立不安，手脚不停地拍打、扭动。 b、经常在应该坐着的时候离开座位（比如在教室、办公室或其它工作场合、或其它场合，离开他或她的座位）。 c、经常在不适宜的场合中跑来跑去、爬上爬下（在青少年或成人只是有坐立不安的主观感受）。 d、经常很难安静地参加游戏或课余活动。 e、经常一刻不停地活动，尤如被马达驱动一样（比如不能在餐馆、会议上当需要安静一段时间的时候；有些人可能是感觉烦躁不安或难以坚持）。 f、经常讲话过多、喋喋不休。 g、经常在问题尚未问完时就抢着回答（比如替别人完成一句话；不能在对话中等待轮到自己时再说）。 h、经常难以耐心等候（比如排队的时候）。 i、经常打断或干扰别人的讲话和游戏（比如插入别人的谈话、游戏、或活动；未经别人许可就用别人的东西；对于青少年和成人可能表现为强行加入别人在做的事情或直接接管别人的事情）。
B. 其中一些注意不集中或多动的症状在12岁之前出现。 C. 其中一些注意不集中或多动的症状在两个或以上的场合出现（比如家里、学校、或工作场合；跟朋友在一起或跟家人在一起；在其它的活动中）。 D. 有明确的证据表明症状干扰或减低了社交、学习、或职业方面的功能水平。 E. 症状不只在精神分裂症或其它精神病疾病发病时出现，并且也不能用其它的精神疾病（比如情绪障碍、焦虑障碍、分离性障碍、人格障碍，物质中毒或戒断）更好地进行解释。 |